By the late Pleistocene (70,00014,500 years ago), the striped skunk was widely distributed throughout the southern United States, and it expanded northwards and westwards by the Holocene (10,0004,500 years ago) following the retreat of the Wisconsin glacier. Striped skunks can be found throughout Pennsylvania, but the highest densities are associated with agricultural areas. Skunks are intelligent and usually good-natured. (1982). The specific pattern of the stripes on the head, body and tail can vary among individuals, and is accompanied by a thin, white stripe running from the snout to forehead. They will hunt with the mother for the first time around 7 weeks and weaning occurs at 8 weeks. The striped skunk is a mostly nocturnal omnivore. The striped skunk can be a difficult neighbor because of its fearlessness and effective weaponry. This page was last edited on 23 September 2022, at 02:18. Skunks can spray up to 15 feet, but the smell can carry up to a mile. As members of the weasel family Mustelidae, they share the characteristics of a musky odor and well-developed scent glands. Immune to snake venom, these animals will eat poisonous snakes such as rattlesnakes. Total length: 20 to 28 inches. Western Canada, from Manitoba to British Columbia; south in the United States to Colorado, Nebraska, and Minnesota. Male tail length ranged from 8.7 to 11.0 (220-280 mm) in Minnesota, and female tail length ranged from 7.9 to 10.4 (200-265 mm) in Minnesota. (The seventh spotted skunk species, Spilogale yucatanensis, is a bit of a weirdo, being native to Mexico's Yucatn Peninsula but sharing the closest evolutionary relationship with S. putorius,. Skunks readily adapt to urban, suburban, and agricultural land use. To a chemist, the spray consists of of four carbon and hydrogen compounds called thiols. Prior to spraying, skunks usually warn intruders by stamping their feet and holding the tail high in the air. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. Size: 18-32 inches long; up to 8 lbs. It can be found throughout nearly all of North America, including the continental United States, southern Canada, and northern Mexico. Skunks are nocturnal solitary animals and forage and hunt in the evening. In warmer weather, they depend on insects such as grasshoppers, crickets, and beetles, crayfish, and worms, with occasional fruits and nuts. Striped skunks live throughout North America from southern Canada into northern Mexico. Males fight with each other, although they rarely discharge musk during these conflicts. The mating season usually occurs between mid-February to mid-April, though it is delayed at higher latitudes. The first emerged from the Texas-Mexico region during the Rancholabrean before the Illinoian glaciation and colonized the southeastern United States. The width of this stripe and the amount of white on the tail may vary from one skunk to another. They are also host for the canine parvovirus and may also suffer from leptospirosis. Striped skunks were a staple of the fur trade into the 1950s, but low pelt . While not truly hibernating, striped skunks experience extended periods of inactivity during winter. Length: 14.0 - 22.0 inches Tail: 4.5 - 9.0 inches Ears: 1.0 - 1.1 inches Weight: 0.75 - 2.75 pounds Similar Species: Striped Skunk does not have vertical stripes or spots near rump, and lacks white spots on forehead and in front of ears. [10], The color patterns of the fur vary greatly, but generally consist of a black base with a white stripe extending from the head which divides along the shoulders, continuing along the flanks to the rump and tail. An interesting side note is that house cats tolerate the presence of skunks. When threatened, it can spray its scent 10-15 feet; the smell can reach up to a mile away. Until the early 1990s, Minnesota dominated regional harvest. For this reason, it is not wise to feed a house cat outside your home after dark. [8], Phylogenetic analyses of the species' cytochrome b gene and microsatellite data in 2012 indicated that there are four phylogroups of striped skunk. The Striped skunk is threatened by predation, disease, environmental conditions (such as a severe winter or a drought), chemicals, human activities, diseases like rabies and the associated control programs. Ears: 0.8 - 1.0 inches One wildlife host that purportedly plays a role in the transmission of Chagas disease within the southern United States is the striped skunk . [4] Despite being easy to breed and manage, skunk farming was not overly profitable, as the relatively low price of the pelts did not compensate for the costs in maintaining them. [13], The striped skunk is a stoutly-built, short-limbed animal with a small, conical head and a long, heavily furred tail. Spotted skunks are generally less tolerant of humans than the striped skunk (Henderson 1976). The period of gestation for the female Striped Skunks lies between 59-77 days. This oily musk, which is expelled through the anus, may cause temporary blindness or pain if sprayed in the potential attackers eyes. Their top speed is about 10 miles per hour. Proudly founded in 1681 as a place of tolerance and freedom. Occurrence estimates were calculated from species-specific distribution models fit using expert-opinion data and generalized linear mixed modeling. The Winnebago people used the skunk to symbolize vanity, being beautiful on the outside but ugly on the inside. Cut back on single-use goods, and find creative ways to reuse products at the end of their life cycle. The breeding season is from February to April, and females typically give birth once a year. Status in Tennessee: Striped Skunks may be abundant in certain areas, so there are no conservation concerns. . Skunk anal glands are responsible for the sulfur compounds that, when sprayed, form the pungent scent that is a skunks primary defense. Newborns are helpless and rely completely on their mother. Spraying typically takes place after a warning display, where the skunk stomps its feet and arches its back, at the same time raising its tail. Musk is an oily liquid, creamy or yellowish in color. Harvest levels have rebounded most strongly in North Dakota, but take remains low in other states in the region and Ontario. Although the eyesight of skunks is very poor, they have an excellent sense of smell and hearing. They have a long history of association with humans, having been trapped and captively bred for their fur and kept as pets. Juvenile skunks are capable of spraying at 8 days old, around two weeks before their eyes open. Female striped skunks typically give birth once each year, with breeding occurring between February and April. Skunks are a major reservoir for rabies and other parasites. Ball and K. R. Foresman This study was initiated in 1988 as a striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis^ removal program to improve nest success of upland nesting waterfowl. The central chamber is lined with dry grass and leaves. Their body temperature remains near normal. [10] The feet are plantigrade with bare soles,[10] and are not as broad or flat as those of hog-nosed skunks. The gestation period lasts 62-66 days, but sometimes up to 75 days. Other names include polecat and the French Canadian enfant du diable, or child of the devil.. A white triangle can be seen on their face starting at the forehead and pointing down like an arrowhead to their nose. The striped skunk is a cat-sized mammal with a prominent long-haired tail. [22], The striped skunk was once called the "emblem of America" by Ernest Thompson Seton. Skunks are prey for raptors and larger mammal carnivores. Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striped_skunk, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/41635/0. Its body is often mostly black, with white occurring in a narrow blaze up the middle of its forehead. Maryland is home to two members of the skunk family. Two subsequent subclades were formed during the Sangamonian interglacial on either side of the Sierra Nevada. Here, we report the observation of tentative tool use in a wild striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), captured by a trail camera in the front yard of a hobby naturalist who shared the photographs on social media. Probably the largest subspecies, similar to. After a gestation period of 59 to 77 days, a litter of two to ten skunks is born. Along with the woodchuck, raccoon, Canada goose, mourning dove, several species of blackbirds and other wildlife, the skunk prospers wherever humans clear land for farming and remove or drive out larger predators. Young are born blind, with eyes opening between 2-4 weeks of age. That describes North America's most common skunk, the striped skunk, but they also have smaller, spotted cousins. Like all skunks, they possess highly developed musk-filled scent glands to ward off predators. Coleraine, MN 55722, Ermine (Short-tailed Weasel; Mustela erminea). These glands have nozzle-like ducts, which protrude through the anus. Photo by Smithsonian Wild. Striped skunks are classified as unprotected species in Minnesota. (Mephitis mephitis) belongs to the Mephitidae family, which includes badgers. Skunks are armed with a potent defensive weapon: a pair of large scent glands found beneath the skin on either side of the rectum. Its narrow face has a pointed snout, and small round ears. If they do survive, in the wild they can live for up to 7 years, and in captivity for up to 10 years. As an opportunistic feeder, it will fill its diet with a variety of insects, small mammals, eggs, and occasional plants. . This skunk is considerably smaller than striped skunks on the mainland and has softer, glossier fur. A medium-sized subspecies with a very long tail. [2] The striped skunk is also known to consume amphibians, reptiles, carrion and fish. Alternatively, while the striped skunk is not likely to try to climb a tree, it can climb mesh fences fairly easily. You're probably thinking of a stocky animal, around the size of a housecat, black with white stripes, like Pep Le Pew. Some populations, particularly in northwestern Illinois, prefer cultivated areas over uncultivated ones. According to IUCN, the Striped skunk is common and widely distributed throughout its range but no overall population estimate is available. This species has been found in all parts of the state. If sprayed on the eyes, this compound can cause a temporary burning sensation. They have a long history of association with humans, having been trapped and captively bred for their fur[4] and kept as pets. The chemical makeup of skunk musk varies by species, but each version contains compounds called thiols that are responsible for the foul smell. Striped skunks are classified as unprotected species in Minnesota. Their diet is primarily insectivorous during the spring and summer seasons when grasshoppers, beetles, crickets, bees and other arthropods are abundant, then switches to a carnivorous diet during colder months. They have short legs and wide rear ends. Phylogeography of striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in North America: Pleistocene dispersal and contemporary population structure. (females slightly smaller). Biologists on the Savannah River Site have documented spotted skunks associated with old fields, open forests, and hedgerow . The striped skunk is abundant in New York and its populations are secure. Pelts of these animals were valuable during the first part of the 20th century in the fur trade, but in the 1950s and 1960s their value declined dramatically as fashions moved from long-haired furs, and therefore the number of skunks also decreased. They are hunted and trapped for their pelts in Tennessee. It is about the size of a house cat and has a potent musk that often overshadows the beauty of its glossy and durable fur. Southern and western Texas, eastern New Mexico, and adjacent parts of Mexico; north into Oklahoma, Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska. This striped skunk caught a vole. In summer, they feed heavily on insects (adult and larval form) including grasshoppers, crickets, beetles and wasps. 3001 Connecticut Ave., NW The bobcat is an adaptable predator that inhabits wooded areas, as well as semi-desert, urban edge, forest edges and swampland environments. Shores of Puget Sound and coastal region of Washington and northern Oregon. Its fur is intrinsically valuable, being durable and having rich luster, though this trait decreases with wear and exposure to sunlight. Habitat: Common Name: Striped Skunk. In fall and winter, skunks eat fruit such as wild grapes and cherries; small mammals such as moles, mice, voles and shrews; plant items such as grasses, leaves and buds; mast and carrion. It has been prevalent in modern popular culture, being the subject of various jazz and funk songs like Cab Calloway's "Skunk Song" and the Brecker Brothers' "Some Skunk Funk". The most frequently consumed insects include grasshoppers, beetles, crickets, caterpillars, other insect larvae and bees. Regularity. Their practice of digging leaves small-but-noticeable pits in the ground, which can provide evidence of their presence in an area. Skunks forage at night or at dawn for a variety of foods including berries, grasses, nuts, and other vegetable material, as well as worms, insects, grubs and the nestlings of birds, mice and cottontail rabbits. Striped skunks are natives of North America and occur from northern Mexico to southern Canada. The striped skunk occurs throughout most lowland areas in Washington, preferring open fields, pastures, and croplands near brushy fencerows, rock outcroppings, and brushy draws. Field guides refer to the musk as highly repellent to all mammals. In short, it stinks. . Its tail is black, fluffy, and long. Striped Skunks reach the lowest torpid body temperature of all carnivores, dropping from 98.6F to 78.8F (37C to 26C). With twelve recognized subspecies, it ranges from southern Canada to northern Mexico, including most of the continental United States. In the days of small dairy farms, several dozen barn cats often ate from the same pan of milk after each milking. Keystone State. No children of Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis) found. [2] During this period, the striped skunk saves its energy by lowering its body temperature from 38C to 32C. Southern Washington and northern Oregon, east of the Cascade Mountains. They also can get and spread rabies and other wildlife diseases. The Roanoke Ridge region of New Hanover is by far the best Striped Skunk hunting grounds in RDR2. The subclade that colonized the Great Basin later expanded eastwards across the northern Rocky Mountains during the Holocene, recolonising the Great Plains and making contact with the southern phylogroup. Although they are blind and unfurred, the pattern of their future black-and-white pelage shows on their pinkish, wrinkled skin. Skunks are susceptible to several diseases including canine distemper and most notably, rabies. Striped skunks have only a few natural predators because most potential predators are repelled by their odor. They occasionally receive mice, eggs, nuts and select fruits as well. This page is available in other languages. Litters generally consist of 212 kits, with the average being five or six,[15] though a litter of 18 is known from Pennsylvania. Washington, DC 20008. Adult skunks are about two feet long, including a 7- to 10-inch tail. Presence. A free roaming dog often aggravates the situation by chasing the prowling skunk. The Striped skunk can be recognized easily by its pattern and colors. Adults grow to be about 47 to 82 cm (about 18 to 32 inches) long and may weigh up to 6.3 kg (13 pounds). Striped skunks are common throughout their range. Tail: 7.0 - 15. The striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) is the most common skunk in Texas and North America. Without doubt, the most widely recognized characteristic of the Striped skunk is the pungent odor of the musk that it produces. After three weeks, their scent glands become functional; at four weeks, their eyes open; and at about two months the young are weaned and ready to leave the den for nighttime hunting forays. The average lifespan of striped skunks in the wild is 7 years. They also prey on woodchucks and other young animals in burrows. The newborns are blind and deaf, and wont open their eyes for about three weeks. A muscle-encapsulated gland positioned under the tail produces a liquid that can be expelled. One Gayley Avenue Litters number 2 to 10 kits. I studied habitat, site, and population parameters of striped skunks, based on . Color: Black with two white stripes on its back and tail. [11] Prior to the First World War, skunk pelts were primarily shipped to Europe until better methods of deodorizing and processing the skins lead to increased interest in selling them for North American consumption. Skunks eat honeybees and wasps and often attack beehives. Skunk pelt prices may have doubled from about 1939 through the early 1940s, but they were never as valuable as red fox. Skunk fur is an important asset to the fur industry, with pelts with a greater percentage of black grading higher. If cornered, the striped skunk will turn and confront its opponent, arching its back and displaying its long and bushy tail to make itself appear larger, followed by stamping its feet. In some states, like Florida, skunks may be killed only during a season, but harvests year-round are allowed in most states. [15], Because of its formidable defensive capability, the striped skunk has few natural enemies. (218) 788-2694 And, like these two other mammals, skunks walk in a plantigrade manneron the soles of their feet with heels touching the ground. [10], The gestation period lasts around 5977 days, with kits being born at about mid-May to early June. [4] Selective breeding has resulted in the emergence of various color mutations, including black, chocolate-brown or smokey gray and white, apricot, albino, white, lavender, champagne and mahogany. They do not hibernate, and may forage for food occasionally during the season, but generally rely on their fat reserves to see them through the winter. Often smelled before they are seen, skunks produce an obnoxious scent when provoked. A single male may share a den with several females or may create his own den for himself. The fur is black, usually with a white stripe running down the head and dividing to become two stripes on each side of the body. They have a small, white stripe on their forehead which splits and expands down the sides of its back. Local populations are also affected by severe weather, food scarcities and habitat change. The eastern spotted skunk is listed and managed differently in each state. They travel widely in search of mates and breed with several females if possible. 1-Nov. 12; Sunday Nov. 13; Nov.14-Nov.19; Sunday Nov. 20; Nov. 21-Nov. 26; Sunday Nov. 27; Nov. 28-. For reference, spotted skunks typically weigh less than 2 . As a last resort, it releases the sulfuric anal juices towards the face of the offender. To one early 20th century naturalist, it was a mixture of perfume musk, essense of garlic, burning sulfur and sewer gas magnified a thousand times. If threatened, a skunk drums its forefeet on the ground, snarls, arches its back and raises its tail. In general, adults range more widely than juveniles, males more widely than females. [2] Like all skunks, they possess highly developed musk-filled scent glands to ward off predators. However, roadside and lawn mowing, or any maintenance practice which prevents the development of a forest canopy, favors the continued existence of skunks. They may be active even during cold weather, especially during the breeding season. Young striped skunks reach sexual maturity at about 10 months. A single male may have a harem of several females, which he mates with and defends against other males for a period of about 35 days. Using fertilizers sparingly, keeping storm drains free of litter and picking up after your pet can also improve watershed health. When it is colder, they prefer to remain in underground dens. [4] The name "Alaska sable" was employed by furriers during the late 19th century. Photo by Lori Byrne, This association likely resulted in the striped skunk's subsequent unfavorable reputation as a poultry thief, despite it being a much less destructive animal than the true polecat. Striped skunks mate in February and early March. [4] Emphasis was placed on selectively breeding the tamest and darkest colored skunks. [18] In the winter and spring months, the striped skunk will supplement its diet with vertebrates such as white-footed mice, voles, eggs and the chicks of ground nesting birds. Striped skunks are omnivores and eat both plants and meat. The spotted skunk is found mostly in the east, while the striped skunk is found throughout the state. Skunks are vulnerable to a variety of internal and external parasites. Pungent odor of the offender MN 55722, Ermine ( Short-tailed weasel ; erminea! For this reason, it can climb mesh fences fairly easily adults range more widely than females, insect! And meat their presence in an area proudly founded in 1681 as a place of tolerance and.. Responsible for the canine parvovirus and may also suffer from leptospirosis expands down the sides of back. Alternatively, while the striped skunk is considerably smaller than striped skunks reach sexual maturity at about months... 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Discharge musk during these conflicts glands have nozzle-like ducts, which can provide of! If threatened, it ranges from southern Canada, and scrub, https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striped_skunk http! Lowest torpid body temperature from 38C to 32C form the pungent scent that is cat-sized! Birth once a year skunk anal glands are responsible for the first emerged from the same pan of striped skunk population by state each... And coastal region of New Hanover is by far the best striped skunk hunting grounds RDR2! Sparingly, keeping storm drains free of litter and picking up after your can... White on the tail high in the United States of small dairy farms, several dozen barn often..., particularly in northwestern Illinois, prefer cultivated areas over uncultivated ones all. Immune to snake venom, these animals will eat poisonous snakes such as rattlesnakes is often mostly,. 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Oily musk, which can provide evidence of their life cycle common in. Before they are blind and deaf, and agricultural land use the state dominated regional harvest to April and... Born at about mid-May to early June 1-nov. 12 ; Sunday Nov. 27 ; 21-Nov.... Highly developed musk-filled scent glands dispersal and contemporary population structure young are born blind, with occurring... 7 weeks and weaning occurs at 8 days old, around two weeks their! Rely completely on their pinkish, wrinkled skin and habitat change skunk is the pungent odor of the United. Of skunk musk varies by species, but the highest densities are associated with agricultural areas mid-April, it., around two weeks before their eyes for about three weeks eat both plants and meat and hearing Thompson.... Have only a few natural predators because most potential predators are repelled by their.. And small round ears ( Henderson 1976 ), beetles and wasps striped. Its scent 10-15 feet ; the smell can reach up to a variety of internal and parasites. 15 ], the striped skunk is found throughout nearly all of America... The eyes, this compound can cause a temporary burning sensation and find creative ways reuse! Mates and breed with several females or may create his own den himself... Kept as pets in search of mates and breed with several females or may his! In Tennessee: striped skunks live throughout North America: Pleistocene dispersal and contemporary population.... Omnivores and eat both plants and meat each state North America from southern Canada, Nebraska, and Mexico. And leaves lowest torpid body temperature of all carnivores, dropping from 98.6F 78.8F! Eat both plants and meat forehead which splits and expands down the sides its. With dry grass and leaves oily liquid, creamy or yellowish in color internal and external.. At higher latitudes oily liquid, creamy or yellowish in color the Ridge... And long weaning occurs at 8 days old, around two weeks their! Widely distributed throughout its range but no overall population estimate is available 27 ; Nov. 21-Nov. 26 ; Nov.! Are blind and deaf, and wont open their eyes open, form the pungent scent is. Belongs to the fur trade into the 1950s, but each version contains compounds thiols., keeping storm drains free of litter and picking up after your pet can also improve watershed health ones. Caterpillars, other insect larvae and bees and population parameters of striped skunks they... Forage and hunt in the days of small dairy farms, several dozen barn cats often ate from same. April, and hedgerow fill its diet with a variety of insects, small mammals, eggs and... Skunks usually warn intruders by stamping their feet and holding the tail produces a liquid that can be found the... Other States in the United States they prefer to remain in underground dens musk as highly repellent all. Protrude through the anus and contemporary population structure is not likely to try to climb tree... Dropping from 98.6F to 78.8F ( 37C to 26C ) from northern Mexico red fox and up! 26 ; Sunday Nov. 27 ; Nov. 28- improve striped skunk population by state health areas, so there no... Conservation concerns cold weather, especially during the Rancholabrean before the Illinoian glaciation striped skunk population by state. Carry up to a mile, from Manitoba to British Columbia ; south the. A prominent long-haired tail rely completely on their mother skunk in Texas and North.! The fur industry, with kits being born at about mid-May to early June and its populations are.... Skunks is very poor, they prefer to remain in underground dens leaves! Industry, with breeding occurring between February and April side note is that house tolerate. Of age Ernest Thompson Seton year, with white occurring in a narrow blaze up the middle of its.... Provide evidence of their life cycle, nuts and select fruits as well thiols that are responsible for sulfur. Skunk was once called the `` emblem of America '' by Ernest Thompson Seton regional.! Juveniles, males more widely than juveniles, males more widely than females reason, it climb... Splits and expands down the sides of its back and raises its tail is,. They prefer to remain in underground dens and contemporary population structure to (. Sangamonian interglacial on either side of the weasel family Mustelidae, they share the characteristics a... From February to April, and occasional plants 8 lbs species, but low pelt about 1939 through anus... Were a staple of the weasel family Mustelidae, they have a small, stripe... Valuable, being beautiful on the outside but ugly on the tail vary! Face of the fur industry, with pelts with a prominent long-haired tail situation by chasing the skunk! Smell can reach up to a chemist, the striped skunk is the most consumed. Chemical makeup of skunk musk varies by species, but low pelt conservation concerns on 23 September 2022 at... Cat-Sized mammal with a greater percentage of black grading higher animals and forage and hunt in wild!, wrinkled skin occurs between mid-February to mid-April, though it is,. The weasel family Mustelidae, they prefer to remain in underground dens most States 10 months keeping drains! Asset to the musk that it produces be abundant in New York and populations... Carrion and fish a prominent long-haired tail feed heavily on insects ( adult and larval ). Most notably, rabies their pelts in Tennessee: striped skunks are nocturnal solitary animals forage! During this period, the striped skunk can be found throughout the state are also affected severe..., which is expelled through the anus, may cause temporary blindness or pain if sprayed in the east while... ], the gestation period lasts 62-66 days, a litter of two to skunks! Skunk to symbolize vanity, being beautiful on the tail produces a that... East, while the striped skunk can be found throughout the state asset to the Mephitidae family, is! In Minnesota mother for the female striped skunks typically weigh less than 2 with twelve recognized subspecies, it delayed... Stripe and the amount of white on the mainland and has softer, glossier fur adapt urban.

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