Autopsy reports indicated that most of Kerchers injuriesbruising and cuts near the genital regionwere sustained as a result of being restrained during the sexual violence. Research has shown that " analysis of forensic evidence was associated with [increased] case referrals to prosecutors, [and] charges filed ." Evidence from a medical forensic exam can be key in the prosecution of a sexual assault case. Unfortunately, Dookhan wasnt some laboratory wunderkind with a passion for drug offenses. Harry Thaw in 1905. Furthermore, Johnny Webb, a jailhouse informant, testified against Willingham claiming he had confessed to the arson leading to the murders. One of the few witnesses brave enough to testify against Mrs. Hall was Jane Gibson, a swine herder who became known as the Pig Lady in the press. Investigators exhumed seven bodies that Erdmann had testified about. False or misleading forensic evidence was a contributing factor in 24% of all wrongful convictions nationally, according to the National Registry of Exonerations, which tracks both DNA and non-DNA based exonerations.1 This includes convictions based on forensic evidence that is unreliable or invalid and expert testimony that is misleading. Cases Where Digital Evidence Was Not Accepted. He reported another death as homicide caused by blunt force trauma, which was revealed to be an accidental drowning.[9]. He has remained in jail since the spring of 2013. Such evidence should have resulted in an open and shut case by todays standards but was not made clear enough to understand at the time. Disorganization was rife, and records were regularly falsified. Evidence showed that Epstein had transferred over $30 million to Maxwell, his onetime girlfriend, during and after a stretch of years from 1994 to 2004 when they were most closely connected . Even before the shoddy evidence testing began, samples were often contaminated via a leaky roof. Its a grim burden that grows ever heavier in light of the fact that, for decades, the Houston Police Department crime lab has relied on faulty DNA analyses and bogus courtroom testimony that, according to a lab director, have tainted at least 5,000 to 10,000 cases. Schmal had been raped seven times. It wasnt until many years later that investigators would attribute his wounds to Willingham being in the fire before the flashover (i.e., when the entire room suddenly ignites in flames). A sample of 300 of his autopsy reports was examined by a panel of experts, who ruled that one-third of his patients had never been autopsied. Atty. An internal investigation conducted two years ago by the Orange County Sheriff's Department, the findings of which were not made public at the time, uncovered systematic mishandling of evidence . The government has since identified nearly 3,000 cases for review, based on questionable hair analysis testimony.[8]. Forensic data storage is also a problem. In the years that followed, more than 1,400 cases were reviewed, hundreds of convictions overturned, and $5 million in compensation was awarded to victims of the police. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. He was sentenced to death and currently sits in prison on death row. In short, forensic science depends not only on types of evidence with foundational and applied validity, but also on the dedicated efforts of ethics-minded groups such as the Innocence Project. Machine Gun Kelly George "Machine Gun" Kelly was a notorious criminal during the Prohibition era, taking part in bootlegging, kidnapping and armed robbery. The role of the jury is to listen to both sides of the case (prosecutor and defense). Additionally, a Dutch forensic expert found Boneys DNA under Kim Camms fingernails and her DNA on his sweatshirt, two pieces of evidence which sealed his conviction. Lowrys unchecked indiscretions fly in the face of claims that the FBI has a rigorous drug testing policy and raise numerous questions about why the length of time he held onto evidence wasnt questioned, ultimately implicating the FBI as an irresponsible actor. The mess-ups: A review of 88 of his cases found that 65 had incomplete documentation, 32 had administrative errors, and in eight cases, evidence had been misplaced. [7] More than 400 terrorist investigations may have been compromised by evidence lost in the fires. In addition to bearing the financial burden of revisiting tainted convictions, the government has agreed to award $1,000 for each hour of wrongful incarceration endured by an innocent person, leading to compensation for at least 25 people believed to have been booked on bad evidence. The next day brought another disturbing discovery: A county road worker found 16-year-old Patricia Kalitzke's body in an area north of Great Falls, the paper reports. Since no one could tell which tests were real, which ones were fake, or which ones shed personally contaminated, all of Dookhans results became suspect. A push for cheaper public cloud services might make it easier for hackers to view, delete, or steal critical forensic data in the future. Experts also noted that while the alleged murder weapon did contain trace amounts of Knoxs DNA, it was curiously free from the victims DNA. California O.C. For nine years, Annie Dookhan worked as a crime lab chemist in Massachusetts, performing drug tests for criminal cases. Erdmann also testified about the forensic examination of a 14-year-olds brain, but when the body was exhumed, police discovered that the skull had never been cut open. They lose lives. While the future of forensics methods is beyond the scope of this article, its important to remember examples where the collection or processing of evidence have failed. This faith in Zains abilities sent untold numbers of innocent men behind bars, primarily for rape and murder charges. Furthermore, Simpsons Bronco, which had been impounded at an LAPD facility, was entered at least twice without authorization. Lost evidence has collapsed 6,000 cases including alleged killers and rapists Crime expert fears that 12,000 prosecutions have failed in the past two years because pieces of evidence that. Theres no shortage of crime-fighting TV shows where protagonists brandish the latest forensic science techniques. An additional 500 convictions are slated to be challenged with thousands more in the works. An eyewitness claimed to have seen Dennis Williams, Kenneth Adams, and Willie Rainge in the abandoned townhouses where the bodies of the victims were found. Of course, the evidence is available for experts with trained eyes and the proper equipment, but the science isnt without fault. The claimant, Donoghue, brought a claim for personal injury against the . For an unattended death, law enforcement must use a combination of investigative techniques and science to calculate how much time elapsed between the victim taking their last breath and their remains being found. But the sheer scale of ineptitude and invalidation wrought by this crime lab arguably rivals the grievous nature of the crimes it was tasked with solving. The appeal by Amanda Knox and Raffaele Sollecito against their conviction for the killing of the British student Meredith Kercher took a significant turn yesterday when independent, court-appointed. Dr. Ralph Erdmann had a reputation as an excellent witness to call to the standif you were a prosecutor. Simpson case can be found here. Whether its DNA testing, tool mark identification, bite mark measuring, or blood spatter analysis, its assumed that these methods are reliable, consistent, and valid measures of criminal activity. She then compounded the problem by testifying about her findings during criminal trials. On March 27, 2015, both Amanda Knox and Raffaele Sollecito were exonerated for the murder of Meredith Kercher. Rapists and murderers who arent caught are likely to strike again. While multiple-source DNA, fingerprinting, and other forensic methods may be useful, they require further testing to establish both foundational and applied validity. Dookhan was indicted on 27 charges, including obstruction of justice for tampering with evidence, perjury, and even falsifying her university degree. It found that only single-source DNA had both of the requisite types of scientific validity: foundational (i.e., accurate in a controlled lab environment) and applied (i.e., applicable in a real world context). But thats only the beginning. When the prosecution presented hairs found in the back of Williamss car, Podlecki claimed they were consistent with the victims. On September 10, 1904, Miner and two accomplices, later identified as William "Shorty" Dunn and Louis Colquhoun, were involved in the first train robbery in Canada. In fact, she didnt even have the masters degree she claimed to have earned. The reputation of Brooklyns officers has been doubly besmirched, as not only had they likely been arresting innocent people for years as a matter of convenience, but they covered up that behavior by casting themselves as heroic wrongdoers when, in reality, they were simply doing wrong. Acclaimed fire investigator and scientist Gerald Hurst found Vasquezs claims to be dubious and stated that there was no evidence to suggest arson. And, in another case of negligence, Callery failed to fire a chemist who had failed required proficiency tests. The FBI fries the big fish of the criminal world, relying on resources that exceed the capacities of local law enforcement. Cameron Todd Willingham Sheriff had investigator probe into evidence mishandling even though he had mishandled evidence O.C. According to the Innocence Project, out of 329 wrongful convictions overturned by new DNA testing, 74 were due to erroneous microscopic hair evidence. O.J. Shirley Kinges plight was one of at least 36 instances of evidence planting perpetrated by members of the New York State Troopers C Division and at least one member of Troop F. Between 1984 and 1992, members of New York State Troopers C Division, and at least one member of Troop F, systematically fabricated fingerprints and other evidence. On May 11, 1978, newly engaged Carol Schmal and Lawrence Lionberg were found shot in the head. She found the bathroom she shared with her roommate, Meredith Kercher, covered in blood. A civil court awarded the plaintiffs a total of $6.5 milliona gesture which is more symbolic than practical in light of Kofoeds inability to pay the fine. In many cases, security for the labs consisted of nothing more than a few cameras and a wire fence. Even more harrowing is when we find that acts of investigative dishonesty are deliberate and systematic, shrouding the high-profile convictions and acquittals that saturate our news feeds in a thick veil of suspicion and withering cynicism. The mistakes of a single unidentified lab technician forced the New York medical examiners office to review 843 rape cases for DNA evidence which could have been improperly processed. A card left by the killer was handled by dozens of people in the crowd, making fingerprint forensics useless in court. One can only hope that, in time, his legacy will evolve into one of wrongs righted by a wiser justice system, rather than the virulent injustices he authored. Wet items were also packaged before allowing them to dry, causing critical changes in evidence. Delayed evidence makes it more difficult to locate suspects, conduct interviews, or conclude casesa massive fail for everyone involved. The collection and meticulous analysis of evidence arent easy processes and the techniques are still far from perfect. The integrity of the criminal justice system is intimately intertwined with the belief that we can trust the analysis of crime scene evidence. Coworkers at the medical examiners office had to work around the clock double-checking the fired technicians findings. One of them, Briton Meredith Kercher, was murdered on . Marco Raymond Butterfield, 22, was arrested following the robbery and shooting of a 27-year-old man outside a barber shop in northwest Oklahoma City. One of the most renowned cases involving problems with the chain of evidence was the O.J. Still, Robert Lowery, vice president of the Missing Children's Division at the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, points to other high-profile missing children's cases as support for the belief that cases like . Then state crime lab director, Arnold Melnikoff, reported in his analysis that the hair "had characteristics consistent with the defendant (Barry Beach)," a conclusion which was not . One of the greatest tragedies in the criminal justice system is the conviction of a person for a crime he or she did not commit. Sadly, Willingham was found guilty and executed February 17, 2004. In 2006, the lab rehired a forensic analyst who previously resigned under suspicion of falsifying data. Perhaps the most famous instance of forensic evidence in Australia, before the advent of DNA, followed the abduction on 7 July 1960 in Sydney of the 8-year-old son of Mr and Mrs Thorne, Graham. This case involves defendant James Franqueira, a 32-year-old Vermont resident. The prosecution expert used "Cacheback" software that had a bug parsing Mork database files. Not only is there a huge volume of data collected for current investigations, but there is also a huge volume of digital forensics that must be stored indefinitely, in case of later appeals. However, additional evidence later led authorities to the actual perpetrators of the double homicide and exposed Kofoeds deception. In addition to the untold numbers of people who have been convicted on faulty evidence, a fair number of known violent drug offenders have also been released, leading to an increase in the crime rate and time spent rearresting offenders released because of fabricated evidence. Advocates from the Innocence Project are now working with the Department of Justice to develop a set of evidence storage guidelines that will hopefully be standardized across the nation in the future.[6]. DNA testing then proved that he wasnt a murderer. The jury disregarded Gibsons testimony, acquitting Mrs. Hall and her brothers of all charges. If evidence with Simpsons blood showed traces of EDTA, the defense claimed, then that blood had to have come from the lab, which meant that it was planted. Forensic analyst James Bolding demonstrated overwhelming incompetence and willful dishonesty in his work, appearing not to grasp even the basics of blood sample analysis, while providing courtroom testimony that wrongfully imprisoned men like George Rodriguez, who languished behind bars for 17 years for a rape he didnt commit, and Josiah Sutton, who was wrongly incarcerated for four years. Helmsman of the drug lab for nearly two decades, and himself suspected of professional improprieties, Callery had overseen a spate of irresponsible hiring decisions. Joseph Sledge, for example, served 36 years for a crime in North Carolina, but he could have been out decades earlier if police hadnt misplaced evidence from his trial. 1. The first edition of Electronic Evidence in Criminal Investigations and Actions: Representative Court Decisions and Supplementary Materials was published in February of 2016. And they werent alone in this scandal. Guede was given a 16-year sentence after a plea bargain. DNA wasn't always widely accepted as valid evidence in court cases the way it is today. Erroneous convictions can have immeasurable consequences for exonerees, original crime victims, and families. " We are referring to the mother of all courtroom media spectacles: The People of the State of California vs. Orenthal James Simpson. West Virginia alone paid $6.5 million in compensation to innocent people convicted by Zains deception, and the state of Texas shelled out $850,000. In another instance, a former employee had managed to hold onto an evidence locker pass key six years after leaving the job. Even those at the upper echelons of criminal justice have been found guilty of fraud in forensics. In 1999, the Ford Heights Four won a $36 million in damages from Cook Countythe largest settlement for a civil rights case in U.S. history. Simpson trial. The first decision to uphold the admission of DNA evidence in s tate appellate court was in 1988; before that, DNA was thought of as too inconclusive.Now c ourts have determined that DNA identification theory, practice, and techniques are widely accepted among the scientific community and therefore valid as . The large server contained vital evidence for multiple criminal cases. But perhaps the most significant outcome was a rule change requiring more rigorous checks to confirm fingerprint evidence. One of the prints on the card belonged to Willie Stevens, brother-in-law of Edward Hall. But a small number of cases around the country have . [10] No one can say for certain how many innocent prisoners have been executed, died in prison, or served time for crimes that they did not commit. This was particularly difficult to achieve in this case. STORY HIGHLIGHTS. OJ Simpson was found not guilty on October 3, 1995. Michelle Theer (2000): On December 17 th, 2000, John Diamond shot and killed Air Force Captain Marty Theer. The whole situation was a bloody mess and a complete forensic fail. For people seeking careers that are simultaneously challenging, meaningful, and exciting, it is tough to beat becoming a crime scene technician. The Sapphire unit was merged with the Metropolitan police forces child abuse division, and bolstered with 100 additional officers in what was essentially a vote of no confidence for what was supposed to be a world-class collection of crime solvers. 4.2 Suzanne Johnson. Securing the Evidence Its worth noting that as of June 2017, the federal government remains committed to keeping current processes in place. The National Institute of Criminology, considered the most important forensic testing center in Belgium, was also hit by arsonists in 2016. Jimerson was not initially convicted because Gray had withdrawn her testimony, although she later testified against him in a plea deal with the prosecutors and he was sentenced to death. Every city has ignominious chapters in its history that it would rather forget. The prosecution had expert witnesses who testified that the evidence was often mishandled. A two-day appeal hearing which was due to take place next month has now been put. They added that a trace of Sollecito's DNA on Kercher's bra clip, the vital piece of evidence linking him to the murder scene, could have got there by contamination, as the defence team said at the trial. The security of LAPD storage and labs was also brought under scrutiny when it was discovered that some pieces of evidence had been accessed and altered by unauthorized personnel. In 1995, Simpson was arrested and charged with the double homicides of Nicole Simpson and Ron Goldman. Todd Spitzer has dropped or reduced charges in 67 criminal cases as a result of. A bloody fingerprint at Nicoles house was noted by a policeman but overlooked by the forensics team. The two were . Lauren. In 2003, Kofoed linked Ivan Henk to the murder of four-year-old Brendan Gonzales with what was likely a manufactured blood sample that prompted Henks arrest and eventual guilty plea. But, like so many corruption cases, Lowrys greatest crime may not be one which exists on any US law book. The Zhang case demonstrates that the availability of network data presents opportunities to investigate user activity in non-cyber cases, (i.e., a theft of trade secrets matter). 1. It began during the trial of a suspected Oxycontin dealer, when the court discovered that confiscated drugs had vanished and been replaced with heart medication. During Camms trial, the prosecution stated that Camm had dual motives: a $750,000 life insurance policy and alleged infidelity. 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