On October 12, 2007, Faust delivered her installation address, saying, A university is not about results in the next quarter; it is not even about who a student has become by graduation. Tales of glory, honor, manhood and sacrifice enhance wars attraction and mobilize men and armies. Lincoln is off the heal a nation, a noble goal he will not live to see realized" (O'Reilly 24-25). In This Republic of Suffering, Drew Gilpin Faust describes how the survivors managed on a practical level and how a deeply religious culture struggled to reconcile the unprecedented carnage with its belief in a benevolent God. Faust is the former dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. Drew Gilpin Faust, ne Catharine Drew Gilpin, (born September 18, 1947, New York, New York, U.S.), American educator and historian who was the first female president of Harvard University (2007-18). accounting . Four days after retiring from her position as president, she joined the board of Goldman Sachs. . In 2001 Faust became founding dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard, the successor to Radcliffe College, which had been Harvard Universitys womens college; she was also appointed Lincoln Professor of History at Harvard. Each of which has important messages to deliver to you and important things they want from you. No, No, No, a thousand times No!, The life and work of Faust can seem paradoxical in certain lights. Why must he write of the war? he asks. Faust is the first woman to serve as Harvard president and the university's 28th president overall. So, as an undergraduate, I studied European history and did essentially no work in Southern history. In South Carolina, this was tied up with the defense of slavery. This model now faces significant challenges. But why havent we Civil War historians been equally preoccupied with death? Another would be the importance of the United States and Lincolns arguments for the United States. It attained a scale that shocks and horrifies a scale of drama and a scale of death that prefigured the slaughter of the century that followed. Built in the aftermath of World War I, it was intended to honor and memorialize responsibilitynot just the quality of men and womens thoughts, but, as my predecessor James Conant put it, the radiance of their deeds. The more than 1,100 Harvard and Radcliffe students, faculty, and alumni whose names are engraved on its walls gave their lives in service to their country, because they believed that some things had greater value than their own individual lives. We had many of those: the old mill in Millwood from the eighteenth century; Carter Hall, up on the hill that we had known had been an important outpost of the Carter family from the Tidewater. In her educational career, Faust chose to devote her life to history. Faust emphasized that our commitment to education can not only better ourselves, but our world at large. Her most recent is This Republic of Suffering, which takes its title from the words of Frederick Law Olmsted and its subject from the vast death toll of the Civil War. But these were not issues that anybody spoke about out loud when I was growing up. Still we are lured by war and still we tell the stories that both shape and distort our understanding of it. But neither our minds nor those of the thousands of observers and reenactors around us were focused on such matters. The biography grew out of my first book, which was a study of a group of intellectuals who wrote defenses of slavery. For a young woman historian of her native region, these subjects were hardly the comfort zones of Southern history. He was a biographers dream. As late as the 1920s, enrollments in the United States stood below 5 percent of the college-age population. According to Wikipedia, Catharine Drew Gilpin Faust is an American historian and was the 28th president of Harvard University, the first woman to serve in that role. . Learning is a result of the understanding that there is always more that we do not know. . LEACH: The American university is the hallmark of our land, Harvard being our emblematic institution. She has also written books about the effects of the war on Southern womanhood and about the lives and culture of slaverys apologists in the antebellum South. As president of Harvard, Faust has expanded financial aid to improve access to Harvard College for students of all economic backgrounds and advocated for increased federal funding for scientific research. The federal governments first effort to support higher education, the Morrill Act of 1862, which established land grant colleges, was intended to advance the practical education of the industrial classes. A Department of Education report from 2006, A Test of Leadership: Charting the Future of Higher Education, concentrated on creating a competitive American work force and advancing our collective prosperity. But even as we as a nation have embraced education as critical to economic growth and opportunity, we should remember that colleges and universities are about a great deal more than measurable utility. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Morrill Act seems to me consistent with those. But from Homer to Whitman to Owen to Heller to those telling the stories of our wars today, we have grappled to use the humanity of words to understand the inhumanity of war. Drew Gilpin Faust graduated from Bryn Mawr College, got her graduate degrees at Penn and served on Penn's faculty for 25 years and for the last 11 years, she's led Harvard. Or as early 20th-century civil rights activist Nannie Helen Burroughs put it, education is democracys life insurance.. Since it was impossible to portray all the action, the days activity focused on Bloody Lane, where a hundred years before the dead had carpeted the ground and blood had run ankle-deep. This was a dramatic victory for the Confederates, gained as Union troops charged futilely up Maryes forbidding Heights in one of the wars most costly and pointless efforts. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. But in todays world, I believe it is dangerous for universities not to fully acknowledge and embrace their responsibilities to values and to service as well as to reason and discovery. War assumes a trajectory towards victory and thus the possibility of its own cessation and conclusion. This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War (2008) assesses the lasting impact of civil war fatalities on American attitudes toward death. First was the history of the Civil War. In addition, she has been a strong advocate for sustainability and has set an ambitious goal of reducing the university's greenhouse gas emissions by 2016, including those associated with prospective growth, by 30 percent below Harvard's 2006 baseline. For this distinction, her remarkable career should be recognized and studied as a story of ambitious and graceful achievement. Yet still we try. At Penn there wasnt the same strong tradition of Southern history that had come into being at, for example, Yale and Johns Hopkins. The tumultuous state of American politics, spotlighted in this contentious presidential contest; the political challenges around the globe from Brazil to Brexit; the Middle East in flames; a refugee crisis in Europe; terrorists exploiting new media to perform chilling acts of brutality and murder; climate-related famine in Africa and fires in Canada. This shifting yet undiminished interest in the war has yielded five subsequent decades of pathbreaking scholarship and writing. I also believe that it is important for the military to be a part of American life and not isolated from the mainstream. Catherine Drew Gilpin was born into a prosperous Virginia family on September 18, 1947, and raised in Clarke County in the northern reaches of the Shenandoah Valley. The more formal literature of war reflects a similar dynamic, as writers from Homer onward have labored both in spite of and because of wars resistance to representation. Fivescore years ago, he declared, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. King here invoked two of Lincolns most famous utterances, both issued, as he noted, just a hundred years before. She is also the Lincoln Professor of History at Harvard. And that gave me a new perspective on what it must have meant in American society in the 1860s. Drew Gilpin Faust, the president of Harvard University, talks about leading the institution through a decade of change, from the financial crisis to the Trump era. Specifically, she is interested in how the slaveholding class responded when their men went off to war and their women were left to run the home front. Harvard and the world. LEACH: The two actsone related to the infrastructure of ideas, the other to the infrastructure for transportationwere signed a day apart. In 1957, nine-year-old Faust, of her own initiative, wrote to President Eisenhower to let him know her feelings on the matter: Please Mr. Eisenhower, please try and have schools and other things accept colored people.. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. There wasnt a vivid discourse of race. . For all its prevalence, its ubiquity and universality, war offers the attraction of the extraordinary the escape from the grey everyday, from the humdrum into higher things. You cant tell where you are, or why youre there, and the only certainty is overwhelming ambiguity. The Civil War caused a violation of the separate spheres. It seemed to me important to put into the conversation about Civil War history some dimensions of explanation and understanding that hadnt been there. An increasing interest in the lives of ordinary Americans during the years of conflict has included a great deal of research and writing about what happened beyond the battlefield, on the homefront, in communities and families North and South. That would be an extremely important theme. And how they create the structures of meaning and understanding that serve as the lens through which they view what is around them and the events that confront them. in history magna cum laude from Bryn Mawr College in 1968. A tribute to the belief that knowledge matters, that facts matterin the present moment, as a basis for the informed decisions of individuals, societies, and nations; and for the future, as the basis for new insight. The valor and sacrifice of Gettysburg were rendered inseparable in his words as in his understanding from the wars transcendent purposes of freedom. The legislation was not passed by the 111th United States Congress. Harvard President Drew Faust (2011) Quotes [ edit] And in the past decade and a half, such conflicting and unbounded expectations have yielded a wave of criticism on issues ranging from the cost of college to universities intellectual quality to their supposed decline into unthinking political correctness. Lincoln rendered the United States as the last best hope of earth at a time when democracies around the world were struggling and it looked like that form of government might not survive. One bag of trash was created. And then, after college, I was uncertain what I wanted to do and worked for a couple of years for the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Drew Faust2021 It beggars all description. A Wisconsin nurse, aiding the wounded in Tennessee, wrote home of the mental and physical suffering around her: There are times when the meaning of words seem to fade away; so entirely does our language fail to express the reality. In its assault on language, war once again challenges our very identity and essence, for it is words that help to define us as distinctively human. Faust also has a stepdaughter, Leah Rosenberg. But, as much historical research has shown, the specter behind that argument was really that of slavery and of the South Carolinian demographic reality of a black majority. He struggles to find another subject but relentlessly his pen disobeyed him; he cannot stop writing war stories. Ultimately, however, his words and stories fail, for he can find no narrative. Brought up in an age of fast-changing values and an interventionist war in Southeast Asia, she wrapped herself in painstaking interpretations of the nineteenth-century American South, from its feudal society and slave economy to the almost forgotten inner workings of Southern womanhood. When Marine recruiters marched in perfect step into his high school auditorium, it was for Kovic, like all the movies and all the books and all the dreams of becoming a hero come true. He returned from Vietnam paralyzed from the waist down by a severed spinal cord, bitter about a war so different from the myth we had grown up believing, victim of a shattered body and even more shattered illusions. The publication of an average of more than a hundred books a year during each of these past five decades has meant an accumulation of information that would inevitably change understanding. War stories matter. That humanitys highest creative aspirations of literature and imagination have been all but inseparable from its most terrible invention: the scourge of war? And the opening of citizenship to individuals who had been excluded from it. I have come to believe that it is out of this struggle that certain recurrent images or descriptions appear like verbal snapshots, designed in essence to short-circuit the complexity of language with an almost visual substitute words as pictures rather than as interpretation or understanding. . The statistics Faust cited paint a fairly grim portrait of the humanities' declining prestige. Summary Of Seven Days Battle By Shelby Foote . overrideBackgroundColorOrImage= "Even a war against an enemy who had no relationship to September 11's . [26], In December 2010, Faust and Stanford University president John L. Hennessy co-wrote an editorial in support of passage of the DREAM Act. '02,will join the University as senior adviser to the president on engagement with Historically Black . He lived in Clarke County, as we did, and he was very much a presence. There is no value-free science. Derek Bok, who had served as president of Harvard from 1971 to 1991, returned to serve as an interim president during the 20062007 academic year. War makes rattling good history, a Thomas Hardy character observes in The Dynasts. How is it that the human has become so entangled with the inhumane? After attending Bryn Mawr College -- a seven sister school and one of the few remaining women's colleges in the country -- she earned a Ph.D. in American Civilization and became a professor at the University of Pennsylvania. But with the rise of the research university in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth century, moral and ethical purposes came to be seen as at odds with the scientific thinking transforming higher education. Hope. Since the 1970s there has been a steep decline in the percentage of students majoring in the liberal arts and sciences, and an accompanying increase in preprofessional undergraduate degrees. Those years in the early 1960s were not just a historic anniversary but themselves a time of history making. overrideTextAlignment= [24] In early 2009, the Harvard Corporation approved salary freezes for the president, deans, senior officers, management staff, and faculty, and offered an early retirement program. An equivalent proportion of today's population would be six million. What should we do? A well-known scholar of the antebellum South and the Civil War era and, since 2007, president of Harvard University, Faust had two histories in mind. Yet what we would regard as the extraordinary incongruity of their motivation and presence only underscores wars fascination. Bringing the subject back to the here and now, I can attest, having taught briefly under your leadership at Harvard, that the student body and faculty have found you to be an extraordinary president, able, like Lincoln, to manage deftly an institution of many parts and diverse egos. It also yielded an idea for another book, a biography of James Henry Hammond, who was a governor of South Carolina in the 1840s, and later a U.S. Never such innocence again, Philip Larkin concluded in his poem MCMXIV. Modernity enshrined irony, learned, Fussell would have it, from the horror of the First World War. FAUST: When I became president, the issue of ROTCs absence from Harvard campus was already one that was very much in the air and much debated. So, nullification emerged in that context and was really a precursor of the language of states rights and secession that followed it a few decades later. Western historiography was born somewhat later, but it too emerged as a chronicle of war in the hands of Herodotus and Thucydides in the fifth century BCE. the nobler impulses . The questions we choose to ask and the research we decide to support; the standards of integrity we expect of our colleagues and students; the community we build and the model we offer: All of this is central to who we are. - Raised in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley, Drew Gilpin Faust attended Concord Academy in Massachusetts. Reason and responsibility. Similar policies were subsequently adopted by Stanford, Yale, and many other private U.S. universities and colleges. Faust pointed out that learning must begin with, and be centered around, humility. We also see a repository of learning, with 57 miles of shelving at the heart of a library system of some 17 million books, a monument to reason and knowledge, to the collection and preservation of the widest possible range of beliefs, and experiences, and facts that fuel free inquiry and our constantly evolving understanding. . Education has been central to the American Dream since the time of the nations founding. Senator Harry Byrd issued a call to massive resistance, including the passage of state laws to prevent desegregation. But in the five Southerners who fashioned themselves a sacred circle of alienated intellectuals, the politician Hammond, the novelist William Gilmore Simms, the agricultural reformer Edmund Ruffin, and the college professors Nathaniel Beverly Tucker and George Frederick Holmes, Faust uncovered and humanized a cadre of book-toting critics of the society they were helping build. BYU University Communications Shelby Foote used the word crossroads to describe the Civil War. FAUST: Well, he was a person for whom education was so important. Will the reenactors tell only an old battle piece of courage and glory and how sweet and proper it is to die? numbering . We expect wars to come with endings; that is part of their story. The former dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Faust is also . Having a completely different subject occupy each consecutive hour of my day on many occasions is a wonder and a thrill. War is nasty; war is fun, OBrien has written. Drew Gilpin Faust is President Emerita of Harvard University and the Arthur Kingsley Porter University Professor. Like African Americans, women play a role in American society that has expanded and changed dramatically over the past half century, and their place in Civil War history has grown in parallel. Fussell has written of the tutors in this special diction of heroism, manhood and sacrifice in pre-World War I Britain the poems of Tennyson, the romances of Rider Haggard, the boys books of George Alfred Henty, where the soldier is a warrior, the enemy is the foe, to die is to perish, and the soldiers are the brave. For a whole generation of men, these stories were to prove a betrayal. The centennial commemoration of Antietam was designed to be less about remembrance than about forgetting. Harvard University president Drew Gilpin Faust, who shepherded the school through the turbulence of the economic recession and expanded its diversity, will step down in June 2018 after 11. from froth-corrupted lungs, the dying flung into wagons, the living left lame and blind. The question should not be whether we can afford to believe in such purposes in these times, but whether we can afford not to. We simply know a great deal more about the experience of black Americans in a variety of critical roles in the war as soldiers nearly 200,000 strong fighting for Union victory, as contrabands forcing the issue of freedom onto the northern agenda, as slave laborers refusing to continue the status quo on farms and plantations across the South. Which included, ultimately, a John Brown pike and a bunch of rifles and all kinds of things. Implicit in President George W. Bushs proclamation of a war on terror, moreover, was the reassurance that terrorism could be defeated, eliminated, that it need not be a permanent condition of modern life. LEACH: One final Civil War question. But somehow I always lost. In my book about James Henry Hammond, I used his records of slaves and their births and deaths, records that he kept essentially for economic reasons, to map out family ties and to see how long-lived families were and how childrens names were chosen. But the stories we tell in creating narratives of war rarely deliver the order and control they promise. But here were slaves clearly affirming long and deeply held family ties. Passing through our county in Virginias Shenandoah Valley, we headed towards Charles Town, West Virginia, then crossed over the confluence of the Shenandoah and Potomac rivers at Harpers Ferry into Maryland. Moreover, many students around the world simply cannot access universities. . And he had to struggle so hard to get access to it and to teach himself in large measure. Her father was a Princeton graduate and breeder of thoroughbred horses. An important leader in American higher education and a well-known scholar, Faust is the Lincoln Professor of History in Harvards Faculty of Arts and Sciences. She had followed Lawrence H. Summers, who was forced out for saying that "intrinsic" gender differences accounted for the lack of women in science. I juxtapose Widener Library and Memorial Church today because we need the qualities that both represent, because I believe that reason and knowledge must be inflected with values, and that those of us who are privileged to be part of this community of learning bear consequent responsibilities. Tens of thousands of participants and spectators are expected, for the enthusiasm to refight the Civil War has only grown in the fifty years since the centennial observances. Is your emphasis on the original word, or is the emphasis on the context in which the word is made? And thats what sent me off into this set of inquiries. This spirit animates not just global health but so much of all we do. Memory and history focused on battles, glory and sacrifice, with still divisive issues of race pushed largely aside in deference to white southern custom and sentiment. She retains her title as a professor of history at Harvard. Steep federal deficits will combine with diminished university resources to intensify what a 2007 report by the National Academies declared to be a gathering storm, one that threatened the future of scientific education and research in America. As Woodward reflected, and as the centennial observances proceeded around him, the Civil War and its meaning aroused intensifying controversy. It was an all-American war of brother against brother as it is so often put. So, he was an individual who had great respect for learning. It offered the United States the sense of intention, the goal-directedness and lure of efficacy that war promises and terrorism obliterates. In her 2008 book, This Republic of Suffering, Faust yet again provoked the history profession with a close examination of a major and yet strangely overlooked aspect of the much-studied and written-about Civil War: a death toll so large it altered human perception and foreshadowed the vast carnage of twentieth-century warfare. These battlefield tourists earned the scorn and resentment of the wounded and of those struggling to provide aid amidst the desolation. So, too, have declining levels of government support. War and narrative in some sense create one another. Yet this commitment to reason and truthto their pursuit and preeminenceseems increasingly a minority viewpoint. 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